Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered a position at CTR. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards. The five companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York Dayton, Ohio Detroit, Michigan Washington, D.C. On June 16, 1911, their four companies were amalgamated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint forming a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) based in Endicott, New York.
Pitrap patented the computing scale in 1885 Alexander Dey invented the dial recorder (1888) Herman Hollerith (1860–1929) patented the Electric Tabulating Machine and Willard Bundy invented a time clock to record workers' arrival and departure times on a paper tape in 1889. In the 1880s, technologies emerged that would ultimately form the core of International Business Machines (IBM). IBM is incorporated in New York and has operations in over 170 countries. IBM was founded in 1911 in Endicott, New York as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) and was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924. It is also consistently ranked among the world's most recognizable, valuable, and admired brands. Despite its relative decline within the technology sector, IBM remains the seventh largest technology company by revenue, and 49th largest overall, according to the 2022 Fortune 500. It is among the world's largest employers, with over 297,900 employees worldwide in 2022.
IBM is a publicly traded company and one of 30 companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. IBM employees and alumni have won various recognitions for their scientific research and inventions, including six Nobel Prizes and six Turing Awards. The company has made inroads in advanced computer chips, quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and data infrastructure. Īs one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies, IBM has been responsible for several technological innovations, including the automated teller machine (ATM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the SQL programming language, and the UPC barcode. As of 2022, the company held 150,000 patents. Since 2000, its supercomputers have consistently ranked among the most powerful in the world, and in 2001 it became the first company to generate more than 3,000 patents in one year, beating this record in 2008 with over 4,000 patents. IBM has since concentrated on computer services, software, supercomputers, and scientific research. Beginning in the 1990s, the company began downsizing its operations and divesting from commodity production, most notably selling its personal computer division to the Lenovo Group in 2005. Īfter pioneering the multipurpose microcomputer in the 1980s, which set the standard for personal computers, IBM began losing its market dominance to emerging competitors. During the 1960s and 1970s, the IBM mainframe, exemplified by the System/360, was the dominant computing platform, and the company produced 80 percent of computers in the U.S. For the next several decades, IBM would become an industry leader in several emerging technologies, including electric typewriters, electromechanical calculators, and personal computers. It was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924 and soon became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems. IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021. IBM is the largest industrial research organization in the world, with 19 research facilities across a dozen countries, and has held the record for most annual U.S. It specializes in computer hardware, middleware, and software, and provides hosting and consulting services in areas ranging from mainframe computers to nanotechnology. The International Business Machines Corporation ( IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York and is present in over 175 countries.
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